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FCPA Sentence 170: § 78dd-3(d)(3)
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English 1: [Any such court may issue an order]1 [requiring]2 [such person to appear before the Attorney General or his designee,]3 [there to produce rec-ords,]4 [if so ordered,]5 [or to give tes-timony]6 [touching the matter]7 [under investigation.]8
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
English 2: [Any such court may issue an order]1 [requiring such person]2 [to appear before the Attorney General or his designee,]3 [there to produce rec-ords,]4 [if so ordered,]5 [or to give tes-timony]6 [touching the matter]7 [under investigation.]8
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
Japanese 1: [当該裁判所は]1,X [いずれも当該人物に対し、司法長官もしくは同長官の指名を受けた人物の前に出廷を]3 [要求する]2 [召喚令状を発行することができ、]1 [そこで、]X [もし命令を受けた場合には、]5 [記録を提出する、]4 [あるいは]6 [調査中の]8 [事項に関わる]7 [証言を行うことを]6 [要求できる。]X
{3} {2} 1 {5} {4Δ}
{8} {7} {6Δ} XΔ
Japanese 2: [当該裁判所は]1,X [いずれも当該人物に対し、司法長官もしくは同長官の指名を受けた人物の前に出廷を]3 [要求する]2 [召喚令状を発行することができ、]1 [そこで、]X [もし命令を受けた場合には、]5 [記録を提出する、]4 [あるいは]6 [調査中の]8 [事項に関わる]7 [証言を行うことを]6 [要求できる。]X
{3} {2} 1 {5} {4Δ}
{8} {7} {6Δ} XΔ
Mode | Text / Speech | Sentence # | Subordinations | |||
| English 1 | English 2 | |||||
| Legal translation | FCPA | 170 | 7 | 7 | ||
Target language | Reordering Σi=1 Σj=i+1 I(xj<xi) | ± Nestings { } {{ }} {{{ }}} | Semantic changes Δ |
|||
| Japanese 1 | 7 | 7 | — | — | 3 | |
| Japanese 2 | 7 | 7 | — | — | 3 | |
Difference in analysis: In “English 1,” “requiring” in [2] is seen as a proposition, which takes “such person to appear” in [3] as an argument – like saying “requiring that such person appear.” In “English 2,” “requiring such person” in [2] is seen as a proposition, which takes “to appear” in [3] as an argument – like saying “obliging such person to appear.” (There’s no difference in how [2] and [3] are parsed between “Japanese 1” and “Japanese 2.”)
Reason: Such equivalent parsings are typical of predicates in a relation of subordination with a shared argument.
Consequence: None