Paris Agreement sentence 130 – Structural difficulty in translation and interpretation

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Paris Agreement Sentence 130: Article 10(6)

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English 1: [Support,]² [including financial support,]¹ [shall be provided to devel-oping country Parties]² [for the imple-mentation of this Article,]³ [including for strengthening]⁴ [cooperative action]⁵ [on technology development]⁶ [and trans-fer]⁷ [at different stages of the technolo-gy cycle,]⁸ [with a view to achieving a balance]⁹ [between support for mitiga-tion]¹⁰ [and adaptation.]¹¹

{1}MOD2 2 3ADJ2 4ADJ3 5ARG4 6ADJ5

7ADJ5 8ADJ6,7 9ADJ2 10ADJ9 11ADJ9

English 2: [Support,]² [including financial support,]¹ [shall be provided to devel-oping country Parties]² [for the imple-mentation of this Article,]³ [including for strengthening]⁴ [cooperative action]⁵ [on technology development]⁶ [and trans-fer]⁷ [at different stages of the technolo-gy cycle,]⁸ [with a view to achieving a balance]⁹ [between support for mitiga-tion]¹⁰ [and adaptation.]¹¹

{1}MOD2 2 3ADJ2 4ADJ3 5ARG4 6ADJ5

7ADJ5 8ADJ6,7 9ADJ2 10ADJ9 11ADJ9

Mandarin 1 (traditional → simplified):
[應向發展中國家締約方提供支助，]² [包括提供資金支助，]¹ [以執行本條，]³ [包括]⁴ [在]^6,7 [技術週期不同階段的]⁸ [技術開發]⁶ [和轉讓方面]⁷ [加強]⁴ [合作行動，]⁵ [從而]⁹ [在支助減緩]¹⁰ [和適應之間]¹¹ [實現平衡。]⁹

Mandarin 1 (simplified → traditional):
[应向发展中国家缔约方提供支助，]² [包括提供资金支助，]¹ [以执行本条，]³ [包括]⁴ [在]^6,7 [技术周期不同阶段的]⁸ [技术开发]⁶ [和转让方面]⁷ [加强]⁴ [合作行动，]⁵ [从而]⁹ [在支助减缓]¹⁰ [和适应之间]¹¹ [实现平衡。]⁹

2 {1}MOD2 3ADJ2 {{8}}ADJ6,7 {6}ADJ5 {7}ADJ5

4ADJ3 5ARG4 10ADJ9 11ADJ9 9ADJ2

Mandarin 2 (traditional → simplified):
[應向發展中國家締約方提供支助，]² [包括提供資金支助，]¹ [以執行本條，]³ [包括]⁴ [在]^6,7 [技術週期不同階段的]⁸ [技術開發]⁶ [和轉讓方面]⁷ [加強]⁴ [合作行動，]⁵ [從而]⁹ [在支助減緩]¹⁰ [和適應之間]¹¹ [實現平衡。]⁹

Mandarin 2 (simplified → traditional):
[应向发展中国家缔约方提供支助，]² [包括提供资金支助，]¹ [以执行本条，]³ [包括]⁴ [在]^6,7 [技术周期不同阶段的]⁸ [技术开发]⁶ [和转让方面]⁷ [加强]⁴ [合作行动，]⁵ [从而]⁹ [在支助减缓]¹⁰ [和适应之间]¹¹ [实现平衡。]⁹

2 {1}MOD2 3ADJ2 {{8}}ADJ6,7 {6}ADJ5 {7}ADJ5

4ADJ3 5ARG4 10ADJ9 11ADJ9 9ADJ2

Mode	Text / Speech	Sentence #			Subordinations
					English 1	English 2
Legal translation	Paris Agreement	130			10	10
Target language	Reordering Σ_i=1n-1 Σ_j=i+1n I(x_j<x_i)	± Nestings { } {{ }} {{{ }}}			Semantic changes Δ
Mandarin 1	11	4	1	—	—
Mandarin 2	11	4	1	—	—

Difference in analysis: None

Comments on parsing:

In both analyses and in both languages:

1. “Action” in [5] is seen as a process nominal, with [6] and [7] as adjuncts to the underlying predicate;

2. “Mitigation” in [10] and “adaptation” in [11] have no arguments or adjuncts of their own, so they aren’t treated as the predicates of separate propositions;

3. Still, [11] is segmented separately from [10], as it’s seen as being short for “and support for adaptation.”